What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to move files between a client and a server over a TCP/IP network. In simple terms, an ftp transfer lets users upload, download, rename, delete, and organize files on a remote server.

FTP is one of the older internet protocols, but it still appears in web hosting, legacy business workflows, device backups, and internal file exchange systems. Its main security limitation is that traditional FTP does not encrypt usernames, passwords, or file contents during transfer.

How does FTP transfer work?

An ftp transfer usually follows a client-server model. The user connects through an FTP client, authenticates with a username and password, and then performs file actions on the server.

FTP uses separate channels for commands and data. The command channel handles login and instructions, while the data channel carries the actual files. Depending on the setup, FTP may use active mode or passive mode, which affects how firewalls and network address translation handle the data connection.

Why is FTP still used?

FTP remains useful because it is simple, widely supported, and easy to automate. Many systems, scripts, printers, scanners, network devices, and hosting environments still support FTP-style workflows.

Common uses include:

• Uploading website files to a hosting server
• Moving reports between internal systems
• Collecting logs, backups, or exported data
• Supporting legacy applications that cannot use newer protocols

However, convenience should not be confused with security. In modern enterprise environments, plain FTP should be limited, replaced, or tightly controlled wherever possible.

FTP vs SFTP vs FTPS

For most business use cases, SFTP or FTPS is safer than traditional FTP because credentials and file contents are protected in transit.

What are the security risks of FTP?

The biggest FTP risk is exposure. Because standard FTP sends data in clear text, attackers on the same network path may be able to capture credentials or sensitive files. FTP servers can also become targets for brute-force login attempts, misconfigured anonymous access, outdated software, and open ports that increase the organization’s attack surface.

From a network and perimeter security perspective, teams should avoid public FTP access unless there is a strong business reason. They should also monitor FTP traffic, restrict access by user and IP range, enforce strong authentication, and retire unused FTP services.

Endpoint and device management platforms such as Hexnode can support this broader control model by helping organizations configure devices, restrict risky network behavior, and enforce security policies across managed endpoints.

When should businesses use FTP?

Businesses should use plain FTP only when compatibility demands it and the data is not sensitive. For confidential files, regulated data, customer information, backups, or administrative access, encrypted alternatives such as SFTP, FTPS, HTTPS-based portals, or managed file transfer tools are better choices.

A secure approach is to treat FTP as a legacy protocol: document where it exists, reduce unnecessary exposure, and migrate important workflows to encrypted transfer methods.